Critique Of Fat And Happy - 917 Words

Critique of â€Å"Fat and Happy: In Defense of Fat Acceptance† The pressure to lose weight in today’s society constrains the personality and health of overweight people while essentially increasing the weight of those who experience these pressures (Worley 163-167). So reasons Mary Ray Worley in her article, â€Å"Fat and Happy: In Defense of Fat Acceptance.† Using personal experiences as well as a small number of facts, Worley disputes the reason overweight people struggle as they attempt to contribute to society (163-167). In the beginning of her article she references her membership in NAAFA, the National Association to Advance Fat Acceptance, in order to convey the possibilities to advance humanity when society abandons judgement based on size (163-164). The association holds a conference every year, and Worley continually refers to the atmosphere at the convention as â€Å"another planet,† suggesting that the scarcity of judgment during the convention differs significantly from her everyday experiences (163-164, 167). Applying her encounters to all people of her weight category, she declares that even doctors blame the majority of sicknesses on weight (165). She also proclaims that people should not diet and exercise in order to lose weight, as this triggers loss of motivation without results, but to improve their attitude and mood (166). Referencing Dr. Diane Budd from the convention, she states that attempts to lose weight cause â€Å"lasting harmful effects on one’s appetite,Show MoreRelatedCritique on Fat and Happy Essay875 Words   |  4 Pagesï » ¿Savannah Masters Mrs. Williamson W131 23 September, 2014 Fat and Happy? Critique In the article â€Å"Fat and Happy?†, Hillel Schwartz questions why society views fat people as pathetic and unacceptable. He argues that if it were not for â€Å"fellow citizens† (179) mocking and scorning them for being fat, they would be perfectly content with themselves. As well as stating that many people discriminate toward fat people, Schwartz also points out that physicians are giving facts about obesity that areRead MoreCritique of Mary Worleys Article: Fat and Happy Essay997 Words   |  4 Pagesoverwhelming from media and doctors. Mary Ray Worley, a member of the National Association to Advance Fat Acceptance (NAAFA), believes that modern day society is completely intolerant of obesity so much as to say that they would rather die or cut off a limb than be fat (492). She has made it a priority to convince Americans to accept obesity which she fights for in her essay, Fat and Happy: In Defense of Fat Acceptance. She believes that people should not be ashame d of their bodies, or try to change themRead MoreAnalysis Of Sartre s The Wall870 Words   |  4 Pagesthe story is about the last night of 3 prisoners awaiting their death sentence. The short story does not focus on the details of the War, instead it deeply examines the most fundament element and result of the War: death. Consequently, Sartre’s critique of the nature of the universe and nature of man is viewed through the lens of one who is anticipating death. In The Wall Sartre makes an indirect comment about happiness by depicting the void of happiness that can reside in the anticipation of deathRead MoreProposal for Research on Fast Foods Essay912 Words   |  4 Pagespounds more than they should. Schlosser comments that No other nation in history has gotten so fat so fast. In simple terms, Schlosser argues, when people eat more and move less, they get fat. In North America, people have become increasingly sedentary and consume more restaurant meals, including fast fo od. As people eat more food outside the home, they consume more calories, less fiber, and more fat. We propose some changes in the fast food industry to reduce rates of obesity and improve overallRead MoreExample Art Gallery Report Essay776 Words   |  4 PagesEXAMPLE ART GALLERY REPORT! Portrait 1 My first portrait I am going to going to critique is a oil on canvas piece by Scott Jones B. This first portrait I am going to critique is called going on four. The first thing you immediately see about the piece is the scantily clad cartoonish bee looking character set in the foreground .The piece is of a bee looking character set in the middle of theRead More`` Barbie Doll `` By Marge Percy905 Words   |  4 Pagesundergo plastic surgery to fix her â€Å"big nose† and â€Å"fat legs†. Unfortunately she ended up dying in her struggle to meet the standard that the media has placed on her at an exceptionally young age. Her untimely death is a symbol and the theme of the poem that these women will work themselves to death to meet societies demands and most of the time it is all for nothing. All this women wanted was people to accept the way she looked and not critiqu e her looks and it was not until her funeral day, whenRead MoreFight Club By David Fincher1041 Words   |  5 Pagesand perfection. As he became a slave of common franchises around him, the narrator strived to get it all. However, no matter how many things he bought, never had he achieved the definition of satisfaction. People rely on profit and possessions to be happy, but does it really help? Fight Club carries philosophical messages about money and materialism to the capitalist society in order to wake up and realize that those objects are not the key to happiness. Once the narrator bought one item from the IKEARead MoreEthical Theories And Principles Of The Ethics1576 Words   |  7 Pagesand if this produces an impossible world or some kind of contradiction then our action is wrong. The first question is that stems from the first step is, â€Å"What would happen if everyone did this?† Essentially, an action is right if you would still be happy if everyone else in the world did this. To better understand, here are a few examples of this premise. When deciding whether or not it is morally correct to lie one would go through a thought process similar to the following: We should not lie becauseRead MoreA Rose for Emily by William Faulkner1250 Words   |  5 Pagescrafting the characters in the story, Faulkner is able to critique the typical southern view of African-Americans as well as demonstrate the unwillingness of the older generations to transform their rules and ideals to match the change of society that came with the younger gene ration. Throughout the story, Faulkner uses stereotypical behaviors present in Southern culture, such as class structure and racism, in order to demonstrate and critique the prejudice occurring in Southern society. From the veryRead MoreThe Effects Of Media On The Media1466 Words   |  6 Pagescome from letting advertisements guide one’s judgement, sometimes false advertisements can have a negative impact on how a woman perceives herself. People in charge of commercials, magazines, and other ads distort their publications in ways that critique someone’s physical appearance, otherwise known as body shaming. The body shaming done by the media today can lead a woman to not only a mental illness or an eating disorder, but can also lead to a sense of body dissatisfaction. Though many women

Senioritis High School and Marking Period - 1362 Words

Josh Springer Professor Condor English 101 4 September 2013 Senior Year Struggles Senioritis is a common term frequently used to describe the typical behavior of a senior in high school. This term stands for the typical laziness seniors get accustomed to during their last year of high school, and it is a terrible habit. Most seniors display some form of this laziness, and it typically still does not affect students too much. However, for some people with severe traits of senioritis, it can be a life changing habit that can change their academic future and even their life. I happen to be one of those few people who had it brutally affect my life. Senioritis got the best of me in high school and it has affected me ever since. The†¦show more content†¦However, when I got mine back it was a flat out zero, and after class he pulled me aside. In short, Mr. Grove told me that I basically need to get almost all the points remaining in the school year just to pass the class. If I would fail, I would not be able to graduate considering four En glish credits are mandatory. At that moment I experienced a moment of shock I have never quite experienced before. I had an immediate sense of stupidity. I questioned it. For lack of a better term, I felt like a complete moron. I was so down on myself and all night I thought about what I got myself into. How I was going to get out of this was beyond me and I was lost and hopeless about what to do. I continued to be sad and depressed for a while. My life went from fun to complete misery. Through the sadness, I had to get moving on climbing out of the hole so I could graduate and pass. It is a lot easier said than done, that is for sure. My parents got involved, as well as my guidance counselor to help straighten things out. I set up a game plan of homework every night specifically for English, so I could get all the points I needed. Also, my mother and counselor advised I go see a psychologist who could help me out with my feelings of hopelessness and having someone unbiased to talk to. Everyday turned into a new struggle and my life was a day by day slow process to get out of this seniorShow MoreRelatedEssay about Using Positive Peer Pressure1839 Words   |  8 PagesValedictorian. Striving to do good in school was not something that I learned to do for myself; it was something that I did to compete with my best friends. Since ninth grade, Lettie was number one in our class. Her GPA was so high that there wasn’t much real competition with her. Everyone knew that she would be our Valedictorian. My other friends also started off to a great start with their class ranks. They seemed to finish out the top ten. During their worst marking period, they would peak at fifteen,

Contract Law Materials and Text Catherine

Question: Discuss about the Contract Law and Materials and Text Catherine. Answer: Introduction: Under the contract law, it has been provided that certain elements should be present in an agreement so that the agreement can be termed as an agreement enforceable by law or in other words, a valid contract. Therefore, in a valid contract, one party should make an offer, such offer should be accepted by the party to whom the offer was made, it should be supported by lawful consideration. Another requirement is that at the time of entering into the agreement, it should be the intention of the parties to create a legal relationship. This means that the parties should have the intention that the demand created by them should be enforceable by law. It is also necessary in this case for the parties to have the capacity to produce a valid contract. According to the first requirement, an offer has to be made (Atiyah, 1990). In this context, it is worth mentioning that an offer is different from a mere invitation to treat. Whereas if accepted, the outcome of offer is a valid contract, provi ded the other elements are present, an invitation to treat this merely made for the purpose of inviting offers from the other parties. The law of contract also requires that the offeree should accept the offer exactly in the same way. Hence, the law requires that the acceptance should be the major image of the offer. But if, while accepting the offer, the party has introduced new terms, the acceptance is not valid. In such a case, it is considered as a counter offer. In the same way, one such element is consideration that should be present in every valid contract. Due to this reason, a contract cannot be enforced by the law if consideration is not present. But in this context, it has been stated that it is not necessary that the consideration should be adequate or commercially realistic and similarly does not necessary to be expressed in monetary terms, the only requirement is that the consideration should be "sufficient". In the present research paper, it will be evaluated if the a bove statement is true. For this purpose, the relevant cases will also be explored and similarly the difference that exists between adequacy and sufficiency in terms of consideration will also be evaluated (Craswell and Schwartz, eds 1994). Before proceeding further it becomes important to discuss the meaning of the term consideration under the contract law. As mentioned above, consideration is essential in every lawful contract. This requirement has been introduced by the law contract for two purposes. The first purpose concerns the evidence for establishing the occurrence of a lawful contract among the parties. Hence, the requirement of consideration helps in evading the frauds that would otherwise happen if it becomes difficult to enforce oral promises. The other reason behind the need for consideration in a contract plays a deliberative role (McKendrick, 2009). Without this requirement, even informal statements made in routine life will also be enforceable under the law. Therefore, the need for the presence of consideration in a contract helps in establishing a distinction amid the informal statements and the statements that public intended to be enforceable by the law. Hence, this requirement helps in making sure t hat the people are not overly defensive while they are dealing with routine matters (Beale, ed. 2002). Similarly, the need for the presence of consideration also helps in making sure that the courts do not have to face a large number of unsubstantial cases related with the law contract. In this context, according to the law contract, the consideration can be mentioned as the act of the forbearance or the price that needs to be paid by one party to the other in lieu of the promise made by such a party (Carter and Harland, 2002). It is worth mentioning at this point that the lock onto it provides that consideration can be executed or executory but under the law, passed consideration is not treated as valid. The law requires that the promisee should supply the consideration but it is not necessary that the consideration also move in favor of the promisor. Consequently, it is necessary that one party should supply the consideration but it is not required that the consideration should be provided to the other. The result is that the consideration that has been provided to third parties also valid. Another important principle that is related with consideration provides that while it is necessary that the consideration ought to be sufficient but it is not required under the law contract that it should also be adequate (Collins, 2003). In order to evaluate the accuracy of the above-mentioned statement regarding consideration, the next step is to discuss the meaning of the term adequacy of consideration. It is worth mentioning at this point that generally adequacy and sufficiency of consideration are treated to be having the same meaning. The result is that these two terms are generally used interchangeably. It is generally believed that the terms adequate consideration and sufficient consideration have the same meaning. However, the law of contract provides that the terms adequate consideration and sufficient consideration have different meanings under the law of contract (Peel and Treitel, 2011). Usually adequate consideration concerns the circumstances where the person had paid the price for the subject matter of the contract by surprise is not in proportion to the value of the object. For instance if A had entered into a contract with B according to which, B is going to sell this car to A for one dollar only, it cannot be said that adequate consideration is present. However in such cases, the contract law provides that they were the predicate consideration has not been supplied by a party to the contract, such a position does not have any impact on the validity of the contract. There are only certain circumstances where a party may plead the inadequacy of consideration for establishing that the contract was the result of force/fraud/duress (Elliot and Quinn, 2005). It is clear that even if adequate consideration is not present, it will not affect the validity of the contract. It has been stated by Manners LC in Grogan v Cooke (1812) that if a fair and bona fide consideration is present, the court will not look into the consideration minutely for seeing if full and ample consideration has been supplied or not. It appears that the decision of the courts that they will not evaluate the issue of the adequacy of consideration is correct. The first reason is that it is nearly impractical that the courts will have to examine adequacy of consideration. Similarly it will also be outside the resources of the courts to find if adequate consideration has been supplied by the parties in each and every contract. A difference is present between adequate consideration and sufficient consideration. The courts have considered that sufficient consideration has been supplied if the consideration has some economic value. Other than this condition of some economic value, it is also necessary that the consideration ought to be something that is recognized by law. In this way only a lawful consideration is treated as a valid consideration under the law. There are several cases in which the courts have arrived at the conclusion that the consideration was insufficient because in these cases, there was no economic value of the consideration. Consequently, things like moral duty, natural love and affection etc. are not treated by the law as having some economic value. Hence these are not treated as sufficient consideration. The consideration is not treated by the courts as sufficient if the party that has provided the consideration was already under a legal obligation to do the act. In such cases also, the court will arrive at the conclusion that the consideration is not sufficient. In view of these rules regarding sufficiency of consideration, the consideration will be treated as insufficient if the party that has provided the consideration has only performed the duties that it was already under a legal obligation to perform. The law also provides that the consideration will not be sufficient when any public duty was imposed on the party that has provided such a consideration. An illustration of the situation can be given in Collins v Godefroy (1831). In this case, a party got a subpoena which required a party to appear in a civil case and provide evidence. Later on the other party made a promise to pay six guineas if the party appeared i in accordance with the subpoena. Accordingly, the party appeared but the other party declined to give six guineas. The issue before the court was to see if adequate consideration has been supplied in this case and therefore the promise to pay six guineas can be enforced against the other party. However the decision of the court was that the other party was already required by the law to give evidence as a result of the subpoena issued to it. Thus, as a result of the fact that the party was already required by the law to appear in the court and give evidence, this act was not considered by the court as sufficient consideration. The issue regarding the sufficiency of consideration might also occur when a party is already required under an previous contract, concluded among the same parties, to perform certain duties. Consequently, in such cases, it needs to be decided if the promise made by the plaintiff, according to which the plaintiff agreed to fulfill the promise made in an earlier contract, can be treated as sufficient consideration. The cause is that in such cases also, the plaintiff is only trying to fulfill an obligation that was already enforced on the plaintiff. The issue in Stilk v Myrick (1809) was if the sailors have provided sufficient consideration when they agreed to perform the duties of the two deserters. The reason was that the sailors were already bound by a contract with the owners of the ship which provided that they will do everything that needs to be done in an emergency to bring the ship to the port. The result was that even if a promise has been made by the captain of the ship to pay the wages of the two deserters to the rest of the crew members but the court stated that this promise was not unforeseeable. The reasoning of the court was that the rest of the crew members were already required by their contract with the ship owners to perform all the duties that have been mentioned in the original contract. Therefore, it was the opinion of the court that by performing the duties of the two deserters, it cannot be said that the other crew members have provided sufficient consideration. Therefore, the promise to give the wages of the two deserters to the crew members cannot be enforced by the law. Williams v Roffey Bros Nicholls (Contractors) Ltd.(1989) also provides an example of such a situation. In this case, Roffey Brothers had contracted with a housing society to refurbish 27 flats. For this purpose they made a contract with carpenters, Lester Williams. After some time, Williams faced financial problems as the price decided in the contract was too low. Roffey Brothers wanted that the flats should be completed on time as there was a penalty clause in their contract with the housing society. Under these circumstances, they agreed to pay extra amount to Williams but later on they refuse to pay this amount. The court stated that sufficient consideration was present because Roffey Bros have achieved a practical benefit to him from the completion of work on time. Another significant example regarding sufficient consideration was provided in Chappell v Nestl Co. Ltd. (1959). In this case it was reaffirmed that consideration should be sufficient even if it is not adequate. The court stated that even empty wrappers of chocolate bar can be treated as adequate consideration. In view of the provisions of contract law related with consideration and the important decisions of the court regarding this matter, it can be stated that the statement is accurate that the consideration needs to be adequate even if it is not sufficient. A court will not look into the matter of adequacy of consideration. Similarly, it is not for the court to determine if a fair price has been paid to the other party under a contract or not. This issue has to be decided by the parties themselves. The courts are only concerned with the fact if the consideration provided under the contract has some economic value or not. References Atiyah, P.S. (1990) Essays on Contract, Oxford University Press, New York Beale, H. (ed.) (2002) Cases, Materials and Text on Contract Law (Hart Publishing, Oxford Carter, J.W. and Harland, D.J. (2002) Contract Law in Australia, 4th Edition, (Butterworths, Australia Collins, H. (2003) The Law of Contract, 4th Edition, Butterworths London Craswell, R. and Schwartz, A. (eds) (1994) Foundations of Contract Law (Oxford University Press, Oxford Elliot, Catherine and Frances Quinn, (2005) Contract Law, 5th Edition, Pearson Education Ltd. McKendrick, E. 2009Contract Law8th edn Palgrave Peel E and Treitel,G.H. 2011, Treitel on the Law of Contract,13th edn Sweet and Maxwell ChappellCo Ltd v Nestle Co Ltd [1959] UKHL 1 Collins v Godefroy (1831) 1 B Ad 950 Grogan v. Cooke (1812) 2 Ball B 230 Stilk v Myrick [1809] EWHC KB J58 Williams v Roffey Bros Nicholls (Contractors) Ltd [1989] EWCA Civ 5

Financial Accounting and Costing Financial Figures

Question: Discuss about the Financial Accounting and Costing for Financial Figures. Answer: 1. The management uses the financial figures to the financial and non-financial decisions, So, it is very important that the management gets the correct and precise financial figures for taking correct decision. So, there are some factors which drives the management accounting work which are as follows: Quality of information: It is the information which will lead to the final decision. If information is not accurate or not genuine, then result will automatically will be incorrect. So, the management accounting system depends upon the quality of its input. In other words, the accountant of the company should have sufficient knowledge of the accounts so that he be able to punch correct entries. Timeliness of information: information is only useful when it is required. If information is late then decision will be late and the profits of the company can gets converted into losses. So timeliness of information is very important. Availability of resources: The required resources are very important to implement the decision taken by the top management because without resources no decision will yield desired results. 2. There are 4 functions of management accounting which are as follows: Planning Organizing Controlling Decision making Now we will discuss about controlling function: Control relates to the measuring, monitoring, evaluation of the actual results and then correcting to ensure that the desired results are achieved. In controlling function feedback is very important because feedback is that information which tells a person what other person thinks or feel about them. So correct feedback is very important. In the same way management accounting helps in controlling the organization because it helps in creating performance reports or variance reports through which the performance of the employees gets increased. 3. The statement given in the question Cost accumulation to determine the cost of goods sold is an example of the control function of management accounting work is false because cost accumulation gets determined for calculating the cost of goods but not for performing control procedures in the organization. Control functions does not calculate cost of goods It determines whether the performance of the organization is going on track or not. The statement that if a company is using perpetual inventory system then there is no need for physical count is wrong because in perpetual inventory system regular recording of inventory is there. But it does not mean that no physical count is necessary because counting of physical inventory is necessary to cross check whether the accounting records are correctly maintained or not. Physical counting is just to cross verify that the actual stock matches with the stock in the books. Moreover at the yearend physical counting is necessary for closing the books. If there is any difference between the accounting records and physical inventory then, the difference has to be find out or reconciliation has to be made. Explanation of why ABC Method is Better than Conventional Method: Its not this that it is fashion to use ABC method but because of its logical method to apply in the industry. This ABC method is prevalent just because the conventional method allocates cost equally irrespective of the department contribution which is been done in ABC method. Industry considers ABC method more logical because why the cost of that department should be should be allocated to that product in which that department has not contributed. In conventional method all overheads are allocated equally i.e. total overheads divided by total production units. But in ABC method allocation is based upon department contribution in manufacturing of that product. In other words overheads of one department will not be allocated to that product in the manufacturing of whose that department has no contribution. There can also be difference between the profit calculated from the traditional and ABC method because the method of distributing the cost to respective departments is different. ABC method distributes cot on the basis of cost drivers. The allocation gets logical under ABC method whereas under traditional method there is no logical method but distribution Is done equally. More over in todays industry all the companies are following ABC method because with this method actual contribution of a particular department is known and cost is allocated proportionately without equal distribution. Difference Between ABC and Conventonal Method of Costing: Following are the differences between the ABC method and conventional method. ABC- This method starts with the identifying activities and then to produce the products but in conventional method products are manufactured and then the costs are allocated. ABC- Under this method main aim is to produce the products but in conventional method the main aim is to distribution of costs and allocate the cost. In ABC method costs are distributed on the basis of cost drivers and the costs are distributed on the basis of contribution involved in particular department but under conventional method costs are allocated equally irrespective of contribution under particular department. References: Small Business, What are the factors affecting the management accounting systems?, viewed on 19th Aug, 2016, https://smallbusiness.chron.com/factors-affecting-management-accounting-systems-79769.html. Recruiter, The Benefits of Online Accounting, viewed on 20th Aug 2016, https://www.recruiter.com/i/the-benefits-of-online-accounting/. Kash Flow, Accounting Software with Payroll, viewed on 5th April 2016, https://www.kashflow.com/

Simple Illustrations Yield Powerful Messages

The advertisement, â€Å"SAVE WATER, SAVE LIFE†, is comprised of a dripping water tap connected to a quarter-filled, oval-shaped fish bowl. Within the fish bowl, an orange fish nervously stares at the dripping water tap. The color scheme of the ad is a combination of light and dark greys, yet the orange fish disrupts the color scheme which makes the fish the focal point of the ad.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Simple Illustrations Yield Powerful Messages specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The fish bowl with the dripping tap only covers about one-third of the ad, and the remaining portion of the ad is filled with grey which makes the advertisement very simple, but the simplicity of the illustration bears a powerful message. The advertisement, â€Å"SAVE WATER, SAVE LIFE†, makes an attempt to persuade a diverse audience to conserve water. In my opinion, the ad successfully persuades a broad audience b ecause the subject matter and techniques used in the ad allow the audience identify with the message. Specifically, the contrast of color, the usage of the fish, and the shape of the tank are the tools that effectively persuade audience into identifying with the message of the ad. The following will illustrate how the tools in the advertisement are effective in conveying the message of the ad. One of the aspects of the advertisement that accentuates the message is the contrast of color. The ad consists of varying shades of gray in the background and the orange color of the fish in the foreground. In my opinion, the author chose shades of gray in the background in order to draw attention to the fish which is the subject matter of the ad. Personally, when I saw the ad my eyes went straight to the orange fish because of the gray background. If there were more colors used in the ad, they would draw attention away from the fish, thus, distracting the audience from the message. Using simp le color schemes in the background of the advertisement also accentuates the severity of the topic (Bedan 7). The grays in the background create a somber feeling in the audience because gray is a color that represents serious subject matter. The somber feeling of the audience allows them to realize the severity of the topic being discussed in the ad. Although the color scheme of the advertisement was simple, the simple colors enhanced the message of water conservation for the audience. The advertisement appeals to a varied audience because of the indirect human appeal (Langford 42) created by the manner of the orange fish. The orange fish is humanized by the panic expressed by the stare of the fish at the dripping water tap because all humans have felt panic which allows for a varied audience to identify with the plight of the orange fish.Advertising Looking for essay on advertising? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The orange fish also appeals to a varied audience because the fish does not represent a particular type of person. No race, gender, age, or career is specified in the ad because of the orange fish being the subject matter. Since no particular division of people is targeted, the ad can reach out to a variety of people. A farmer or a lawyer will be compelled to conserve water due to the ad not singling out a particular group of people. Overall, the author’s usage of the clever usage of the orange fish draws a diverse audience because the manner of the fish humanizes the fish and the subject matter of the fish allows different groups of people to identify with the fish which helps to effectively convey the message of the ad. Another way the author conveys the message of water conservation to a diverse audience is through the usage of a round fish bowl as the habitat of the orange fish. A broad audience can identify with the habitat of the orange fish because the fish bowl is round like ear thly habitat of the audience. The constant dripping of water out of the fish bowl that is already a quarter-full can be compared to the wastage of water on earth as a whole which amplifies the message of water conservation in the ad. No matter what walk of life a member from the audience may come from, all of the audience share earth as their home, and in some way identify with water being an important natural resource. The tank only being a quarter-full also amplifies the message of the ad because the little water in the tank illustrates how severe the water situation is on earth. If the tank were to be almost full, the audience would not feel the urgency and severity of the message. The previous information illustrates how the shape of the tank allows the audience to identify with the message of the ad. Ultimately, the techniques mentioned above come together to bring an important issue to a diverse group of people by using what the audience has in common with one another. The gra y color scheme in the background allow for the focus (Bedan 4) to be on the orange fish in the bowl. The panic in the fish illustrated by the stare at the dripping tap humanizes the fish and allows a diverse group to identify with the manner of the fish because all humans can identify with the feeling of panic, and the fish does not target a particular race or gender.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Simple Illustrations Yield Powerful Messages specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The shape of the fish bowl allows for a diverse audience to identify because the bowl is very similar to earth. The author uses the techniques mentioned to make the audience identify with the ad which makes conveying the message of water conservation more effective because the audience can apply the aspects to the ad to their individual lives. Works Cited Berdan, Robert. (2004). Composition and the elements of visual design. Photo Compositi on Articles, 20 January, 2004. Web. Langford, Michael. The Master Guide to Photography. New York: Dorling Kindersley Limited, 1982. Print. This essay on Simple Illustrations Yield Powerful Messages was written and submitted by user Julieta Pollard to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

The Early Bird Gets the Worm... and Early Risers Get Better Grades

The Early Bird Gets the Worm... and Early Risers Get Better Grades A New York Times article on September 9, 2011, To Earn an ‘A,’ Set the Alarm Clock Early, reported that early morning classes, at least at one college in New York, correlate to higher grades. The professors who conducted the study found a direct relationship between later morning classes and higher incidence of alcohol use. The article did not make it clear whether the morning classes were the cause of the tame nights, or whether students already inclined not to drink were the ones who chose early classes. What was clear is that students with later classes drank more and slept more poorly, albeit for more hours, than did their early bird counterparts.   Apparently their grades suffered. Could an early schedule actually be a cause of sobriety and overall responsibility?   If so, it seems that registering for early morning classes is a good idea for any college student.   Why tempt fate? And perhaps the same rule applies to people in the workforce.   Certainly people who get up at 5am for work every day are unlikely to spend their weeknights pounding shots until 2am. So what about business owners and job seekers?   Those early morning BNI and other networking events might be keeping us on the straight and narrow. I am not a drinker myself, but I do know that when I don’t have early morning appointments I tend to stay up later – working, not playing, but perhaps I would be more productive if I were to go to bed by 10pm and get up at 5am each day, rather than slide into a 1am to 8am sleeping pattern.   Am I hurting my â€Å"grades† by doing that?   I’m starting to wonder. If you are someone who does not have an external force keeping you to a schedule, perhaps it is a good idea to create an early morning appointment of some kind to train you to go to bed at a decent hour.   Some people I know have a mini coaching call with a friend each morning.   Some go to the gym religiously at 7am.   If you knew you would perform better overall by starting early, would you do it? One of my friends and informal coaches keeps telling me I should stop working at night.   I generally haven’t listened to his advice (note:   I wrote this blog at 10pm on a Saturday night).   But I’m going to try an experiment.   This week I am going to go to bed by 11pm every night, and get up at 6am. Will I see a difference in how much I get done, or in how well I do it?   I’ll keep you posted on the results. 😉 Log in to Reply The Essay Expert says: September 20, 2011 at 12:45 pm Thanks for your comment Brian! I wonder if there is a societal listening of people who get up early and go to bed early that they are more productive? Clearly some people, like BeeGee, have a different experience of life! One of my challenges is that some of the people I work with send me things to do late at night, and some are in time zones where if I do not respond I lose an entire day of potential communications. Despite my promise to go to bed at 11pm last night, I was up until 11:45 and got up at 6:45. Hey, at least the times started with my promised numbers! And I did get a LOT done this morning from 7-9am. Log in to Reply Karla says: September 20, 2011 at 7:55 pm I agree. I get the most accomplished during the day if I get up early. I dont necessarily love getting up early, but I feel much better about my productivity when I rise early. I also took early morning classes during college and I earned As and Bs. I feel like once I woke up, I was much more alert for my morning classes than in the late afternoon or evening when my energy was dragging. Great post! Log in to Reply

ART Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

ART - Essay Example Three old ladies were depicted in the oil painting among them two looked really dynamic; one painter, a model, and a portrait which being drawn. The model and the painter looked very real whereas, the portrait of the lady indeed had all features of a comparatively beautiful painting. The notable thing was that the emotional vigor reflected on the faces of the model and the lady in the painting was really difficult for me to understand. The picture also contained the essential furniture and fittings of the interior of a house. The painter in the painting seemed calm and contented as if she was reflecting on the beauty of her work. In fact, I did not like any other paintings because I could not comprehend what many of them meant. The Core New art space is a place I would suggest everyone to visit. Numerous pictures are well arranged there with detailed information on each one. We can purchase them at affordable prices and can get corporate or supporting membership to support the progra m of Core. The gallery is an excellent place for a person to learn many things about art. Each picture displayed holds every detail including the painter, materials used, date etc. As mentioned above, I chose this picture for its unusual appeal and the idea presented in it.

Movie summary on Tough Guise Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Movie summary on Tough Guise - Research Paper Example Movie summary on "Tough Guise" When Katz asks young men to define what it means to be a man, he gets feedbacks like physical, in control, strong, athletic, stud, tough, and powerful. However, when men fail to conform, they are called emotional, bitch, fag, queer, and pussy. In this film, it is depicted that men tend to be more aggressive and physical, but women are the exact opposite. Towards the end in a section referred to as â€Å"Better Man,† Katz documents that America has made some positive attempts and features several earlier examples from more human and sensitive men and media content. Analysis of feminist theme in â€Å"Tough Guise† Masculinity and violence â€Å"Tough guise† was well-developed, using effective and interesting examples to bring out its main topic about masculinity and violence. The rest of the ideas presented were well supported to give good insight into the concepts of masculinity constructed by the current society. Regardless of these strengths, the movie over exem plified the idea of masculinity by merely addressing â€Å"toxic characters.† However, this does not erase the fact that the movie clearly shows the application of masculinity to violence and crime. The movie is really a challenging one especially when one thinks of the way films and the media marginalize men. While watching the movie, it is important to reflect on the discussion in the book, Women's Voices by Shaw and Janet Lee about gender and performance. They argue, â€Å"There are politics in sexual relationships because they occur in the context of a society that assigns power based on gender and other systems of inequality and privilege† (Shaw & Lee 46). Most of the critiques of masculinity may be inclusive of arguments that it disregards dissimilarities and outlines ideas in a heteronormative conception of gender. Such critiques are put forward by feminist thinkers who discuss this concept. The arguments by Shaw and Lee are very interchangeable and have a clear connection with the film because it is argued that masculinity can be replaced by â€Å"aggressiveness† and â€Å"femininity† with â€Å"passiveness.† The constant arguments constructed on ideas of femininity and masculinity proves the authors’ suggestions that none of these misconceptions are natural but mere performances. When the society scrutinizes dissimilarities between women and men as well as ideas of gender, it seems like people will often be performing to a certain degree. I agree with the theme of violence and masculinity in this movie that the two issues are part of the continuing crisis in America. The question that really arises when one watches the movie is â€Å"why do men behave in the way they do, and why is a huge percentage of violence committed by men and boys?† It is not merely in such few places like in video games that these happen, but it is in what is evident in normal culture. It forms part of the normal conditioning and training of

Taming the Wild West Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Taming the Wild West - Essay Example The Indians mainly lived in the west, which was vast comprising of the Appalachian and all the way to the Pacific. Indians had claimed this land and used it mainly for hunting as their main economic activity (Filson p 21). The Germans and the Scotts-Irish settlers later arrived in Philadelphia in search of unclaimed lands and settled near Appalachian, which consisted part of the land claimed by the Indians. There was no conflict since the relationship between the settlers and the Indians was mutual in the sense that the Scotts-Irish traded with Indians and adopted some hunting styles. As time went by, the Trans-Appalachian developed to become a frontier of three empires, which comprised of the Iroquois Confederacy, French, and Indians. The British seemed to hardly be satisfied by this settlement and decided to start war with French troops in order to control French expansion in some key areas like Fort Duquesne (Filson p 22). Virginia on the other hand created an armed regiment of pr ovincial regulators in order to attack Braddock’s British regulators that raided Indian country. The Indians held their position that the land belonged to them and had the right to prevent any foreign settlements. The war saw the French prevailing finally but the Indian allies never stopped to claim their land and continued attacking British soldiers (Filson p 45). Comparison between Kit Carson and Daniel Boone Daniel Boone had initiated several hunting trips to Eastern Kentucky from 1768 and later decides to land his family in North Carolina through Cumberland Gap before becoming a military officer. He was an American militant officer during the American revolutionary war. Like Kit Carson, he was a frontier and a great fighter who helped the Americans fight against the British. At one time, he was parallel to the Indians fighting against the British but he later joined the Europeans to help in protecting their territories based in Virginia. Kit Carson was also an American fi ghter and a frontiersman (Abbott 31). He was an Indian fighter against the Europeans and their settlements in America. His territory became the West after he had left home at a tender age to become a mountain man as well as a trapper in the West. Both Carson and Boone were couriers and scouts aiding the Americans but Boone joined the British troops later to protect their territories. Boone fought in various battles including the Blue Licks Battle. He has remained legend of his lifetime and become famous in both Europe and America. He became a key subject of heroic tales as well as a major icon in fiction works.  

The Differences Between Weather And Climate Environmental Sciences Essay

The Differences Between Weather And Climate Environmental Sciences Essay Weather is the conditions right here, right now. Look out of the window and you will see what the weather is like today. It might be sunny, hot, windy or cloudy, raining or snowing. The weather takes into account the temperature, precipitation, humidity and atmospheric pressure, of the part of atmosphere (air) closest to the surface of the earth. The weather is constantly changing as temperature and humidity change in the atmosphere. Landmasses, such as the British Isles, experience constantly changing weather conditions. Climate is the average weather conditions temperature, pressure, precipitation and humidity expected for a certain place. Climate is based on the average weather experienced over 30 years or more. Climate refers to what is expected to happen in the atmosphere rather than the actual conditions. So it is possible for the weather today to be different from that suggested by the climate. Climatic conditions in an area can be affected by the landscape, relief and activities (human and natural). Climate can alter over time and space. Within a climatic region, the climate may vary from place to place, e.g. top of hill, sunny side of hill, shaded side of hill and bottom of the hill. These areas with their small variations are called microclimates. The science of monitoring and studying the atmosphere and predicting its weather and climate is called meteorology . People who study the weather and climate are known as meteorologists. You will need to know and understand the different factors that affect weather conditions in a specific time and location. These factors include: temperature and sunshine humidity and precipitation time of day or year local geography pressure and winds, and cloud formations Temperature, sunshine, time and geography Temperature is how hot or cold the atmosphere is ie, how many degrees Celsius (centigrade) it is above or below freezing (0Â °C). Temperature is a very important factor in determining the weather, because it influences or controls other elements of the weather, such as precipitation, humidity, clouds and atmospheric pressure. Temperature is affected by factors such as sunshine, time, geography and wind. 1. Sunshine The amount of sunshine and strength of the sun influences the temperature of a place. The number of hours per day that the sun shines in a particular location is known as sunshine hours. The number of sunshine hours in a location is determined by the hours of daylight, and how many of these hours are cloud-free. Tourists and people who work in tourism are interested in the number of sunshine hours a location has. 2. Time The temperature of the atmosphere is affected by the time of day, because of the earths daily spinning on its axis. As it spins, different parts of it get closer to the sun, so receiving more light and warmth. Atmospheric temperature is also affected by the time of year. The earth takes a year to revolve around the sun, and as it revolves different parts of it get closer or further away from the sun. It is this which creates different seasonal climates which vary according to the time of year. At the equator the hours of daylight and the seasons vary the least. The further away from the equator you go, the greater the fluctuations through the year. 3. Local geography The following geographical factors affect temperatures: Latitude is the distance of a location from the equator. The hottest temperatures are found at the equator. This is because the sun shines directly on it for more hours during the year than anywhere else. As you move further away from the equator towards the polar regions, less and less sun is received during the year and the climates become colder and colder. Altitude is the height above sea level or the height above the earths surface. The higher the altitude, the lower the temperature will be. This is because the temperature of air depends on its density. Air is lighter the higher up the hill you go. Winds also tend to be stronger near the top of a hill, adding to the wind-chill factor (see winds below). On average for every 1,000 metres higher you go the temperature will fall about 6.5 Â °C. Aspect is the direction that something is facing. This is important because slopes facing the equator will be warmer. This is why farmers in the northern hemisphere, for example Norway, favour south-facing slopes for growing crops and farmers in the southern hemisphere favour north-facing slopes. Proximity to the sea affects the temperature of a place because the sea temperature changes slower than land temperature. So the sea will keep coastal areas warmer than inland area during the winter and cooler than inland areas during the summer. This is why islands, such as UK, have more moderate (less severe) climates than countries on continents (such as Germany). Sea temperature. Different seas are of different temperatures, so it is possible for islands to be warmer on one side than the other. The west coast of Norway is heated up by the warmer waters of the Gulf Stream or North Atlantic Drift. Currents exist in all the oceans. Currents are governed by the prevailing winds passing over them. The main ocean currents flow roughly in a similar pattern, anti-clockwise in the southern hemisphere and clockwise in the northern hemisphere. Currents that move water from tropical areas towards the poles (North Atlantic Drift starts in the Gulf of Mexico) are known as warm currents. Those currents moving from northern (or southern) colder seas, nearer the poles towards the equator are known as cool currents, an example is the Canaries current. Humidity Humidity is the amount of water vapour in the atmosphere. A high humidity means there is a lot of water vapour, and a low humidity means a little. Air can only hold a certain amount of water before condensation occurs. Condensation will lead to precipitation in the form of dew or, if its very cold, frost. If condensation occurs higher in the atmosphere (as air is rising) it will form into clouds. Humidity is measured as a percentage, relative to the saturation point where the air can hold no more water vapour (i.e. 100 percent humidity). The humidity level varies with temperature. The warmer air is, the more moisture the air can hold as vapour. The colder the air is, the less moisture the air can hold. So on a hot day it can be more humid, than on a cold day. So in the hottest place, the equator, it can be a lot more humid than in the UK. So when air rises and begins to cool, it gradually loses its ability to hold water. The point when it becomes too cold for the air to maintain its water level is called the dew point. This is when condensation occurs. Humidity in tropical rainforests can be VERY high! Precipitation and the water cycle Precipitation is the term given to moisture that falls from the air to the ground. Precipitation includes snow, hail, sleet, drizzle, fog, mist and rain. In the UK, the most common form of precipitation is rain. The amount of water held between the earth, seas and the atmosphere is constant. There is a continual flow of water between the earth, sea and atmosphere called the water cycle. The type of precipitation experienced in a location is influenced by a number of factors including temperature and atmospheric pressure. Types of rainfall There are three main types of rainfall convectional rainfall, frontal rainfall and relief rainfall. 1. Convectional rainfall may occur in Britain in the summer, after a long hot day, but is most commonly found in places with warmer climates. The ground or water in lakes or seas is warmed by the sun, throughout the day. The air above the land becomes heated. This makes the air less dense, so it rises. As the air rises it cools. Cool air can not hold as much water vapour as warmer air, when the air becomes too cold for the amount of water it holds condensation occurs. The point where this occurs is called the dew point. These drops of condensation form into clouds, gradually becoming tall thunderstorm clouds, called cumulonimbus. When these clouds become too big, containing too much water gravity forces them to release the water in a huge downpour. 2. Frontal rainfall is more common in the UK than convectional rainfall. Frontal rainfall gets its name because it occurs when two air masses of warm and cold air meet, causing a front. When they meet, the less dense, light warm air is forced to rise above the denser, heavier cold air. As the warm air is forced upwards it cools. When air rises above the dew point, when it can no longer hold all its water, the water starts to condense and form clouds. Precipitation falls over a wide area. 3. Relief rainfall or orographic rainfall is common in the west of Norway. The prevailing winds blow moist air from the Atlantic Ocean and North Sea to the west of Norway onshore. As the air hits higher land, such as the hills and mountains in Vestlandet and the north-west of Norway, the air is forced to rise. When air rises above the dew point, it can no longer hold all its water, which starts to condense and form clouds. This type of rainfall is called relief because it is affected by the lie; or orographic because it is affected by mountains. Cloud types Clouds form because air cools as it rises and when it cools, the amount of water vapour it can hold reduces. When it reaches its dew point, the water vapour held within the air condenses, into droplets. These droplets group together as clouds. There are many different types of cloud. Clouds are given different names, depending on their height, size and shape. The main terms used to describe clouds are as follows: Cirrus wispy shaped Cumulus heaped or piled up Stratus in layers Nimbus contains rain Cirro high cloud Alto medium-level cloud High-level clouds start at above 5000m. Clouds at this level usually contain ice, rather than water. The main clouds here are: cirrus (white, wispy clouds), cirrocumulus (separate, white, heaped clouds, that look small because they are so high) cirrostratus (white, wispy clouds that you can see the sun quite clearly through). Medium-level clouds start at between 2,000m and 5,000m above the earth. Clouds at this level usually contain ice and water droplets. The main clouds here are: altostratus (medium-to-high level, white-grey, thin layers of cloud through which the sun can be faintly seen) altocumulus (collection of white, heaped clouds) nimbostratus (low-medium level, dark, thick, feature-less clouds, that threatens rain or snow). Low-level clouds start below 2,000m above the earth. Clouds at this level are usually just carrying water. The main clouds here are: stratocumulus (low, white and grey clouds, that are thick at bottom, heaped on top) stratus (extensive low-level blanket of dull, grey sky, that blocks out the sun, but doesnt necessarily mean rain) cumulus (big low, white, fluffy, heaped) cumulonimbus (starting low these clouds will extend very high, sometime bringing thunderstorms, often rain or snow). Atmospheric pressure and wind Atmospheric pressure (or air pressure) is the weight of air resting on the earths surface. Pressure is shown on a weather map, often called a synoptic map, with lines called isobars. Low pressure occurs when air becomes warmer. The air molecules expand, become lighter and it rises. The pressure numbers on the isobars will be decreasing as it approaches the low pressure zone. High pressure occurs when air becomes colder. The air molecules contract, become denser, heavier and sink towards the earth. The pressure numbers on the isobars will be increasing as it approaches the high pressure zone. What is wind? Wind is the movement of air masses from high pressure areas (highs) to low pressure areas (lows). The effect of this movement of air is to rebalance the pressure in the atmosphere. Part of a synoptic chart, showing isobars and wind direction Note that: the greater the difference between the high and the low pressure, the greater the wind speed will be, and the closer together the isobars are on the weather map, the stronger the winds will be. Wind and temperature The place where the air mass is coming from will determine whether it brings warmer or colder temperatures. In Britain the prevailing wind comes off the ocean from the south west. In winter this will bring warmer temperatures, as the sea cools down slower than the land. In summer it will bring cooler temperatures for the same reason. Winds can also make the temperature feel cooler than it really is. This is called the wind-chill factor. Higher winds will remove the warmer air around a human (for example) more quickly, so the body will cool more quickly than usual. Fronts Fronts occur where two different air masses meet. 1. Warm fronts exist when warm air is rising over a mass of cold air. As the air lifts into regions of lower pressure; it expands, cools and condenses the water vapour as wide, flat sheets of cloud. Warm fronts are shown on synoptic charts by a solid line with semicircles pointing towards the colder air and in the direction of movement. On coloured weather maps, a warm front is drawn with a solid red line with red semicircles. 2. Cold fronts are usually associated with depressions. A cold front is the transition zone where a cold air mass is replacing the warmer air mass. The cold air is following the warm air, and is gradually moving underneath the warmer air. As the warm air is pushed upwards it will rain heavily. Often more rain will fall in a few minutes as the cold front passes than during the whole passage of a warm front. As the cold front passes, the clouds roll by and you may notice that the air temperature is cooler. Cold fronts are shown on synoptic (weather) charts by a solid line with triangles along the front pointing towards the warmer air and in the direction of movement. On coloured weather maps, a cold front is drawn with a solid blue line with blue triangles. 3. Occluded fronts occur at the point where a cold front takes over a warm front or vice versa. If a cold front undercuts a warm front it is known as a cold occlusion, if the cold front rises over the warm front it is called a warm occlusion. All occluded fronts bring changeable weather conditions. On a synoptic chart occluded fronts are represented by semi-circles and triangles positioned next to each other, the triangles in blue, the semicircles in red, or both are purple (mixing both red and blue colours together). Global weather patterns At a global level, there are patterns of wind and pressure. There are huge bands of high and low pressure around the earth. These bands run parallel with the equator. There is a low pressure band over the equator (at 0Â ° latitude) and two more low pressure bands one bordering the cold region around the Arctic (at a latitude of 60Â ° North) and another bordering the Antarctic (at a latitude of 60Â ° South). In between there are two high pressure bands, one in each hemisphere found around a latitude of 30Â °North and 30Â °South, to the north of the Tropic of Cancer and to the south of Tropic of Capricorn. Air is constantly moving from high pressure areas to low pressure areas. This movement of air produces prevailing winds, called trade winds as they used to help trading ships sail around the world. The winds are strongest in between the zones of high and low pressure, and are weak and changeable around the bands themselves. Sailors call the lack winds around the equator the doldrums. The trade winds are also influenced by the movement of the earth. This means that instead of going due north or due south, they are blown slightly off course. In the northern hemisphere winds are blown to the right. In the southern hemisphere they are blown to the left. This is why the prevailing wind in the UK comes from the south west. These prevailing winds also influence the directions that the great currents move in the oceans. The animation shows the main areas of high and low pressure on the globe, and winds blowing (slightly off course) from high to low pressure bands. Atmospheric circulation At the area around the equator the weather is always very hot, causing hot air to rise, taking with it evaporated water as water vapour. This rising air causes the low pressure band around the equator and is the engine of global wind patterns: As the warm air rises, it cools until it hits the dew point, when it releases the water vapour, creating clouds and tropical rain. The low pressure sucks in cool air from either side of the equator. As this air is warmed, it too rises. As it does so it pushes the cooler, dryer air (much of its water has now been lost as rain) above it away to the north and south of the equator. This dry air heading north sinks back to the ground to the north of the Tropic of Cancer, while the dry air heading south sinks to ground south of the Tropic of Capricorn. This sinking air helps to create high pressure zones. The sinking, dry air contributes to a much drier climate to the north and south of the tropics creating the desert and savannah biomes typical of this zone. These circulating currents of air along the surface of the earth from the high pressure zone to the equator, then up into the atmosphere, then horizontally through the atmosphere, and finally back down to the ground in the high pressure zone are called Hadley cells.

The Financial Cost of Technology in Education Essay -- essays papers

The Financial Cost of Technology in Education Think about how much it costs you or your family to keep up with the latest computer technology. Also think about about how much you pay at home for a high speed internet connection. Not to mention, the security, adware, and virus protection software you must purchase to ensure your computer keeps working properly. Consider how much it costs to outfit a single classroom with this technology, or even an entire school. Schools are still expected to provide books, pencils, and paper; however, they are now also expected to budget in computers, scientific calculators, and DVD players. Computers cost up to one thousand dollars a piece; scientific and graphing calculators cost around one hundred dollars a piece; in addition wiring the schools to accept this new technology can cost thousands. The cost to implement technology into our schools is enormous, tens of thousands per school, and millions per school system. In the 21st century, people are becoming more and more dependent on technology. We rely on computers and cell phones more than books and meeting people face-to-face. The internet is becoming a main source of information and communication. Schools, as the primary educational source, must then teach children at a young age how to use technology as an efficient and effective tool. In schools’ haste to update and modernize everything, many concerns are overlooked; most notably, the necessity of additional technology and the amount of time and money required for the new technology. In many instances, the cost of technology is far greater than the rewards. The Washington Post reported that D.C. public schools lost $25 million and five years on a failed project to insta... ...aste.† The Atlanta Journal-Constitution. May 23, 2004. News; Pg. 1A. Retrieved from Lexis Nexis Academic on 10/18/04. 6. Hare, Mary Gail. â€Å"School officials explain rising cost of programs; County must pay the bills for state, federal initiatives.† The Baltimore Sun. August 6, 2004 Friday CARROLL Edition. LOCAL, Pg. 5B. Retrieved from Lexis Nexis Academic on 10/18/04. 7. King, Wayne D. â€Å"Taxpayers don’t have to be strangled by the cost of technology in schools.† (1998) New Hampshire Business Review. Vol. 20 Issue 23, p9. Retrieved from MasterFILE on 10/18/04. 8. Fickes, Michael. â€Å"How much does technology really cost?† (May, 2004.) School Planning and Management. Vol. 43 Issue 5, Pg. 16. Retrieved from Ebsco on 10/18/04 9. â€Å"The Price is Wrong.† (Nov/Dec 1997) Learning journal. Vol. 26 Issue 3, pg. 7. Retrieved from Ebsco on 10/18/04

Cotract Law

Contract law A contract is an agreement between two or more parties, with the intention of creating a legal obligation, which may have elements in writing. And it can be made orally. This agreement creates a legal relationship of rights and duties on the parties and if these obligations in the agreement are not fulfilled then serious action could be taken by the courts on the party. There are three key elements for the conception of a contract. These are offer, acceptance, consideration and an intention to create legal relations.Generally the parties to a written contract comprehend that they have entered into a binding agreement, but they do not always grasp this point when making an oral or implied contract. It is always difficult to prove the terms of an oral or implied contract than those of a written one. Elements of a contract An offer: an expression of willingness to contract on a specific set of terms, made by the offer or with the intention that, if the offer is accepted, he or she will be bound by a contract. Acceptance: an expression of absolute and unconditional agreement to all the terms set out in the offer.It can be oral or in writing. The acceptance must exactly mirror the original offer made. Consideration: each party to the contract must receive something of value. But it is not necessary that it should be specified in the contract. An agreement made without consideration is void. Persons competent to contract All persons are legally authorized to enter into a contract except for the following: †¢ Minors †¢ Mentally incompetent persons. †¢ Person who is ineligible from entering into the contract by law.

Immigration Crisis essays

Immigration Crisis essays When the first time I came to Canada 7 years ago, I knew that Canada is a multi-culture country. Citizens and immigrants in different races come from variety countries. However, the government is considering cutting down the number of immigration each year. It ¡Ã‚ ¯s a controversy that had gone on for a long time. I believe most of this issue had to do with the incident about Chinese refugees coming to Canada on a boat long time ago. This had outraged some taxpayers because they didn ¡Ã‚ ¯t want to pay for the housing and clothing of these refugees. Also, immigration brings crimes to the city. But, I state that Canada shouldn ¡Ã‚ ¯t stop immigration just because of incidents like that because the population of Canada will either stop growing or start decreasing, the decreasing population will certainly cause the economic growth to go down, and lot ¡Ã‚ ¯s of the land in the middle Canada will stay undeveloped due to the lack of funds. Canada is a fairly large country with so little population. Taiwan, the place I came from, is a small island with 23 million people. However, there are only about 30 million in Canada. An average Canadian family has one to two children and it needs 2.6 children per family to keep the population steady. Without immigrations, the population will go straight down. Moreover, immigrations might not stay in Canada forever. Some of them will go back to their won country after 5 to 10 years living in Canada or go to another country. The reasons of this result are some of the landed residents have to go back to their own country in order to take care of their senior relatives, and others might have better job offer in another country. Also, the decreasing population will devastate the economy. Less people, less works. Immigration can help Canada ¡Ã‚ ¯s economic growth go higher. Since the economic growth is what a developed country needs, immigration brings the investment, technology, and the labors. ...

The Tragedies That Ended the Life of the Star-Crossd Lovers

The Tragedies That Ended the Life of the Star-Crossd Lovers Free Online Research Papers The play Romeo and Juliet was written by William Shakespeare was filled with horrible mistakes caused my different characters. Is Romeo and Juliet a play that was filled by characters who did the wrong decision? Or was it fate? Where Romeo and Juliet really meant for each other? Or Just a coincidence? I believe it was just one wrong mistake after another that made this play such a tragedy. Many terrible mistakes made by certain people happened in the play that caused a tragic end. Some of these terrible mistakes where Friar Lawrence marrying Romeo and Juliet, his plan of faking Juliet’s death; Romeo slaying Tybalt; and the most crucial mistake of all: timing. Friar Lawrence made many mistakes in the play which lead to a tragic end. One of the terrible mistakes was marrying Romeo and Juliet. The idea of marrying Romeo and Juliet was the root of this tragic end. If Romeo and Juliet were not married by Friar Lawrence, none of these tragedies would have happened. Friar Lawrence made a bad choice marrying the couple because it was without the consent of their parents, and caused the death of both Romeo and Juliet. â€Å"A pair of star-cross’d lovers take their life† (Prologue, Line 6) Capulets and Montagues where enemies that disliked each other; their parents would not have approved the marriage anyway. Friar Lawrence thought the marriage would help the families get a long. â€Å"For this alliance may so happy prove to turn your households rancor to pure love† (Act II Scene IV Line 91-92). It only caused the death of many people. Another tragic mistake that Friar Lawrence made was his whole plan. Friar Lawrence’s p lan was terribly thought out; it gave people the wrong message thinking Juliet was really dead. Romeo had sent a messenger to Verona to check on Juliet, but she was already â€Å"dead†. Romeo got the wrong message thinking Juliet was dead, and decided to kill himself. As a result of Friar Lawrence’s terrible decisions, Romeo and Juliet had to pay the ultimate price; their lives. Romeo made many terrible mistakes. Romeo killing Tybalt made it hard on him, his family, and Juliet. Romeo was banished from Verona because of the act of killing Tybalt. â€Å"Let Romeo hence in haste, else, when he is found, that hour is his last.† (Act III, Scene I, Line 190-191). Romeo was banished from Verona and went to Mantua, which made it hard for him to communicate with Juliet and Friar Lawrence to figure out the problem he was in at that time. Being banished from Verona made the letter that described the plan and how Romeo would come back arrived late. Romeo did not get mother died of grief from not being able to see her son. â€Å"Alas, my liege, my wife is dead tonight; grief of my son’s exile hath stopp’d her breath.† (Act VI, Scene III, Line 210-211). Many people suffered from Romeo’s actions and his banishment. Another serious mistake in the story was timing. Timing played a critical role in the story. Timing changed the plot of the play completely. If Romeo had waited a couple more seconds before drinking the poison, Juliet would have woken up. Romeo even thinks Juliet is alive because of the redness in her cheeks and the warmth in her lips. â€Å"Is crimson in thy lips and in thy cheeks† (Act VI Scene III Line 95). If the letter that Friar Lawrence sent to Romeo arrived in time, Romeo would have known of the plan and not have killed himself. Instead he would have waited in Capulet’s tomb for Juliet to awake. â€Å"The letter was not nice but full of charge, of dear import, and the neglecting it may do much danger.† (Act VI Scene III Line 17-20). Another instance when timing was a huge factor of the play was when Friar Lawrence did not come in time to Capulet’s tomb after he had known that his letter did not arrive to Romeo. If Friar Lawrence had arrived and mad e it in time, he would have stopped Romeo from drinking the poison, and told him to wait for Juliet to wake. â€Å"Within this three hours will fair Juliet wake. She will beshrew me much that Romeo hath had no notice of these accidents† (Act VI Scene III Line 25-28). Timing played a critical role in the play, only seconds mattered for the life and death of Romeo and Juliet. Romeo and Juliet were filled with terrible choices made by many characters that ended the life of the â€Å"star cross’d lovers† (Prologue, Line 6). Friar Lawrence marrying Romeo and Juliet, his terrible thought out plan, Romeo murdering Tybalt, and the most important mistake of all; timing. These are the major mistakes made by several characters in the play that produced the end result of a tragic end to the play. Romeo and Juliet was a play filled with many wrong decisions made by many characters in the play. Were Romeo and Juliet really meant for each other? Or was it really just a coincidence? Research Papers on The Tragedies That Ended the Life of the Star-Cross’d LoversHonest Iagos Truth through DeceptionCapital PunishmentThe Effects of Illegal ImmigrationRelationship between Media Coverage and Social andHarry Potter and the Deathly Hallows EssayArguments for Physician-Assisted Suicide (PAS)The Masque of the Red Death Room meaningsEffects of Television Violence on ChildrenWhere Wild and West MeetHip-Hop is Art

Economic Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Economic - Coursework Example A number of reasons are available for this. For example, the structure of the Icelandic economy makes independent monetary policy more difficult to implement, national and international economic and financial market conditions have been highly unusual, and the formulation of monetary policy, which did not succeed in gaining sufficient credibility, was somewhat imperfect. Moreover, increased globalization of the national financial system and its rapid growth are likely to have weakened the transmission channels of monetary policy and increase the underlying risk in the financial system, which magnified the volatility of the exchange rate. Sufficient co-ordination between monetary and fiscal policy was also lacking, which exacerbated the negative side effects of financial restraint. A fixed exchange rate regime has advantages and disadvantages. The main benefit is the uncertainty accompanying exchange rate fluctuation is reduced, particularly if the peg proves credible and speculative attacks can be avoided. If Iceland were to adopt a fixed exchange rate regime, it would be most obvious from an economic point of view to peg the krona to the euro. Such a regime could be implemented in different ways. Experience from the financial crisis, both in Iceland and elsewhere, indicates a need for further strengthening of monetary policy and macroeconomic policy in general. The experience of recent years highlights the importance of implementing stabilization policy so as to hinder rapid, unsustainable asset price inflation, which is usually accompanied by excessive credit expansion. It is also important to prevent the banking system from creating risks that are beyond the ability of the national authority to deal with it. The paper analyses policy adoption by monetary a nd fiscal authorities in the recent years as well as the coming years in Iceland. In the past two years, the formulation of monetary policy has reflected the capital

Voting in the United States Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Voting in the United States - Essay Example Originally, the Constitution of the United States did not have specific definitions for the people that were eligible to participate in the voting process. It is believed that in most of the states, Caucasian males were given the right to vote; these people had to be owners of property and had considerable amounts of taxable income. For women, they were only allowed to take part in the voting process in New Jersey, provided they met the set requirements effectively. Currently, democracy in the United States has grown and developed significantly, with many people getting eligibility to participate in the voting exercise, which is meant to give the country new leaders to steer its economic growth and development. However, despite these constitutional provisions, sections of people have not been participating in the voting process in many of the years when elections have been held. This trend has been growing, which is something that has prompted research into some of the possible cause s in the developing trend in some of the Americans.

Police Corruption Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Police Corruption - Essay Example This can be attributed to the fact that the word ‘corruption’ is not actually neutral. This implies that anything said to be corrupt is just bad and cannot be tolerated. As a result people tend to pay les attention to what is preferred as corrupt action. Hence police corruption has been viewed as a type of subculture. One form of police corruption is the petitioning for and receiving bribes in return for not reporting a crime or any illegal activity as suggested by Cole and Smith (2007. Other form may include a police officer breaking the police code of conduct so as to prevent conviction of a suspect, for instance via the use of untrustworthy evidence. In most major cities like in the cities of the United States, there are sections of internal affairs whose work is to investigate police officers who have been suspected of corrupt actions. For instance in the United States there is the Knapp Commission which inspected issues of police corruption in the New York city in t he 1970’s. There are various sorts of police corruption acts; one is the corruption of authority where police officers are given free items by the suspects. Secondly, there is the act of opportunistic theft from the suspects and the victims of a criminal act. The other act of corruption is the kickbacks which refer to receiving payment through referring individuals to other businesses. Shakedowns are other acts of corruption which refer to receiving bribes instead of pursuing a crime. Another corrupt act is a police officer protecting illegal activity by individual and accepting payments in return from the individual involved. Fixing is another corrupt crime which involves the police officer withholding evidence on a crime or not presenting himself or herself in court during the judicial hearing for favor of the suspect. Another act of corruption is the internal payoff whereby prerogatives of the law enforcing organizations for instance holidays are sold and bought. The other sort of police cor ruption is where the police officers engage in the direct criminal activities. Last but not the least is the frame-up sort of police corruption where the police officer ads or removes information about suspects evidence in his/her favor. In American policing some forms of police corruption can be a norm as opposed to exception. However despite the form of police corruption it might be, police corruption is illegal and those who practice it should face the law. Incarceration Police corruption can be a major threat to the issue of incarceration. As a result reducing police corruption can reduce incarceration. This is due to the fact that if police officers fail to receive bribes many criminals will reduce their criminal acts hence reduced imprisonment. Reducing or ending police corruption also can reduce the period of imprisonment of some criminals according to Kenney (1999). This is due to the fact that some police officers can get corrupted by others so that they can keep criminals behind bars for a long time. In case where police can not be bribed by those who report criminal acts to imprison the suspects then incarceration is likely to reduce. For instance officials in New Orleans who work in conjunction with the FBI have been able to reduce cases of police corruption which have also reduced incarceration and homicides. Police corruption however, can reduces rate of incarceration in that those who involved in criminal acts can chose bribe the police so they can minimize their cases hence less imprisonment period. Police corruption can increase ones incarceration due to the fact they are not able to bribe in order to reduce period of impris

Personality Development Case Essay Example for Free

Personality Development Case Essay Success in business and personal life is determined by one’s ability to communicate effectively with others. â€Å"Social intelligence,† or the ability to interact, converse, negotiate with, and persuade others, is the most highly paid and respected form of skill one can have, and this can be developed. Students participating in this program will experience a drastic transformation in terms of personality, communication skills, confidence level and the way of looking at life. The entire program is based on the concept of learning and acquiring skills most effectively when one is not under any pressure. The whole process of acquiring skills is like a game – entertaining and exciting. It is similar to the way a child learns to communicate and acquire skills, but with greater awareness. Basic Personality Development Workshop A wholistic workshop focused on the persons appearance, social graces, and personality. This workshop will help the participants to project themselves in a corporate setting thru social graces and etiquette. Presence, Polish, and Power Workshop This workshop aims to help participants project a confident, professional and polished image. The Art of Business Dining This is a comprehensive session on everything one needs to know about fine dining: from use of basic tools to engaging in table talk. The objective of this course is to help the individual create a positive impression with others and enhance the image of the company he or she represents. Wellness in the Workplace This workshop was designed for leaders and persons who will eventually manage teams. Stress affects productivity and teamwork. Its therefore important for a leader to address actual and potential stressors in the office and at home. Creating Lasting Connections This workshop serves as an introduction to the science of social intelligence it will help you gain insights on human relations; how to better read people, situations and react accordingly. Key Topics * Personality Development * Confidence Building * Business Etiquette * Corporate Grooming * International Etiquette * Social Etiquette * Dining Etiquette / Table Manners * Gentlemen Etiquette * Ladies Etiquette * English Voice / Accent * Dress Code * Presentation Skills * Personal Counseling

Psychosocially Therapeutic Aspects of The Old Man and the Sea by Heming

Psychosocially Therapeutic Aspects of The Old Man and the Sea by Hemingway This exceptional story should be used as a therapeutic aid for hopeless and depressed people who needed a powerful force for continuing struggles of life against fate. They should say as the boy Manolin, "I'll bring the luck by myself." In the story the old man tells us "It is silly not to hope...besides I believe it is a sin." Hemingway draws a distinction between two different types of success: outer-material and inner-spiritual. While the old man lacks the former, the importance of this lack is eclipsed by his possession of the later. He teaches all people the triumph of indefatigable spirit over exhaustible resources. Hemingway's hero as a perfectionist man tells us: To be a man is to behave with honor and dignity, not to succumb to suffering, to accept one's duties without complaint, and most importantly to have maximum self-control. At the end of the story he mentions, "A man is not made for defeat...a man can be destroyed but not defeated." The book finishes with this symbolic sentence: "The old man was dreaming about lions." It is a psychological analysis of Hemingway famous story that we have used it as a psychotherapeutic aid for hopeless and depressed people and also psychological victims of war in a more comprehensive therapeutic plan. The first sentence of the book announces itself as Hemingway's: "He was an old man who fished alone in a skiff in the Gulf stream and he had gone eighty-four days now without taking a fish" . The words are plain, and the structure, two tightly-worded independent clauses conjoined by a simple conjunction, is ordinary, traits which characterize Hemingway's literary style. Santiago is the protagonist of the novella. He is an old fisherman in Cuba who, when we meet him at the beginning of the book, has not caught anything for eighty-four days. The novella follows Santiago's quest for the great catch that will save his career. Santiago endures a great struggle with a uncommonly large and noble marlin only to lose the fish to rapacious sharks on his way back to land. Despite this loss, Santiago ends the novel with his spirit undefeated. Some have said that Santiago represents Hemingway himself, searching for his next great book, an Everyman, heroic in the face of human tragedy, or the Oedipal male unconscious trying to slay his fat... ...session of the later. One way to describe Santiago's story is as a triumph of indefatigable spirit over exhaustible material resources. As noted above, the characteristics of such a spirit are those of heroism and manhood. That Santiago can end the novella undefeated after steadily losing his hard-earned, most valuable possession is a testament to the privileging of inner success over outer success. Triumph over crushing adversity is the heart of heroism, and in order for Santiago the fisherman to be a heroic emblem for humankind, his tribulations must be monumental. Triumph, though, is never final. Hemingway vision of heroism is Sisyphean, requiring continuous labor for quintessentially ephemeral ends. What the hero does is to face adversity with dignity and grace, hence Hemingway's Neo-Stoic emphasis on self-control and the other facets of his idea of manhood. What we achieve or fail at externally is not as significant to heroism as the comporting ourselves with inner nobility. As Santiago says, "Man is not made for defeat....A man can be destroyed but not defeated" . Works Cited: Hemingway, Ernest (1952). The Old Man and the Sea. New York: Charles Scribner's Sons.

Decision-Making Process Essay

Decision-making is a part of everyday life. One must decide on a daily basis; which route to take to work, which has less traffic, coffee or breakfast, or if the morning routine is altered by unexpected situations, which way to continue with the day ahead? According to Bateman and Snell (2011), the ideal decision-making process includes six stages; (1) identify and diagnose the problem, (2) generate alternative solutions, (3) evaluate alternatives, (4) make the choice, (5) implement the decision, and (6) evaluate the decision (p. 89). The process does not have to be thoroughly explained to realize many of the decisions one takes goes through these stages or some of them. One of the types of decisions one must carefully think and analyze before irrationally taking the plunge would have to be the purchase of one’s home. This type of decision is a very long-term commitment and a bit expensive. However, if properly acquire the decision; it is very worth-while. Buying a house or home starts at stage 1; one starts with identifying the problem or in this case the â€Å"wanting† to buy something to call home. It then follows to stage 2: generating alternative decisions. Stage 2 one is able to question if the house is really necessary. There are many suitable apartments and housing options as well. In this stage one also gets to question and calculate if it is within budget or if not, what one will have to do to be able to purchase the house. Once the financial side of the situation is evaluated and one still would like to continue it rolls into stage 3. Stage 3 consists of evaluating alternatives. In this stage one can go through the process of seeking locations, areas and house plans to choose what best fits with the ideal perfect home. This stage also allows to pick and choose what is best suitable for your home and knowing if there will be an upgrade made and changing the original price of the house. Staying with two suitable options and deciding from them will glide one to the next stage. Yes or No, Stage 4 is the decision-making part of the process. Once it has been decided to buy the house, the decision is implemented, Stage 5. Starting the necessary contracts and paper work to make this house one’s new home. The last step of the decision-making process is to evaluate the decision. In Stage 6 consists of one finalizing the process and setting down the last signature on the paper work and/or putting the down payment out on the table. In this type of choice all the steps in the decision-making process were followed. Nothing could have made it easier. As one can see the purchase of a new home, car, changing jobs and/or even choosing what school to send children to takes a decision-making process. Not all the steps are needed in some cases but some steps are automatically done like choosing alternatives.

Mode of Entry in India by Foreign Investors

foreign capital implies funds that are raised from foreign investors for investment purposes in development projects of a host country. Any investment flowing from one country to another country is foreign investment. This concept came in 1950s when many capital deficient countries resorted to foreign capital as a primary means to achieve rapid economic growth. Foreign capital can enter the country in the form of: 1. Direct Investment 2. Indirect Investment Also, with time the concept of foreign aid came up. It is nothing but movement of money from one country to another in the form of aid for development.It flows to developing countries in the form of loans, assistance and outright grants from various governmental and international organizations ADVANTAGES OF FOREIGN CAPITAL 1. It raises the level of investment – Brings in more industries and technology to the country and gives boost to the employment, production and economy of the host country. 2. Helps in upgradation of tec hnology – Foreign investment brings with it the technological knowledge while transferring machinery and equipment to developing countries. 3.Exploitation of natural resources – A number of underdeveloped countries process huge mineral resources, which awaits exploitation. These countries themselves do not possess the required technical skill and expertise to accomplish this task. 4. Development of basic economic infrastructure – Underdeveloped or developing countries require a huge capital investment for development of basic economic structure as their domestic capital is often too adequate. 5. Improves export competitiveness – A foreign investment can help the host country to improve its export performance.This is because of increase in the level of efficiency and the standard of product quality. Also, better access to foreign market further improves the export competitiveness. 6. Benefits the consumers with competitive market – Consumers in deve loping countries stand to gain from a foreign investment through new products and improved quality of goods at competitive prices. 7. Generates revenue to the government – The profit generation by a foreign investment in the host country contributes to the corporate tax revenue in the latter. 8.Supplements domestic savings – Less developed countries lack sufficient savings, required for investment in development projects like building economic and social infrastructure. Foreign capital bridges this gap. 9. Employment increases in the host country – As foreign companies come up, they establish their plant in the host country. As a result, employment also increases. DISADVANTAGES OF FOREIGN CAPITAL 1. Countries face severe debt problems – If all the investors who have invested in the host country, pull out their money overnight then the host country comes in debt. 2.Appreciation of real exchange rate occurs – As more foreign investors invest in the c ountry, the demand for the domestic currency rises. This causes appreciation of domestic currency and hence loss of competitiveness of exports as they become costlier. 3. Chances of inflation – Domestic supply of money increases and if this money is not utilized and absorbed in profitable projects then there is an inclination towards inflation. 4. The economy becomes overvalued – As the investors come in, the money in the economy starts flowing causing unnecessary appreciation in foreign currency. 5.Domestic market is affected – When foreign investments compete with the home investments, the profits in the domestic industries fall, thereby leading to a fall in domestic savings. 6. There is less contribution to public revenue – As the corporate taxes are comparatively less because of liberal tax concessions, investment allowances, designed public subsidies and tariff protection that are provided by the host government. ————†”———————————- TYPES OF FOREIGN CAPITAL There are five major types of foreign capital. They are – 1. Foreign Direct  Investment (FDI)It is a process whereby residents of the source country acquires the ownership of assets for the purpose of controlling the production, distribution and other activities of a firm in the host country. The foreign investors are free to invest in India, except few sectors/activities, where prior approval from the Reserve Bank of India (‘RBI’) or Foreign Investment Promotion Board (‘FIPB’) would be required. The followings activities/sectors requires prior approval of FIPB. a. Manufacture of Cigars & Cigarettes of tobacco and manufactured tobacco substitutes b.Manufacture of Electronic aerospace and defence equipments c. Manufacture of items exclusively reserved for Small Scale Sector with more than 24% FDI d. Proposals in which the foreign col laborator has an existing financial / technical collaboration in India in the ‘same’ field e. All proposals falling outside notified sectoral policy. The foreign investors planning to set of business in India have two options, either to set up a separate corporate entity in India, i. e. incorporating an Indian company or through unincorporated entity, i. e. Branch Office of the foreign entity.Incorporation of an Indian company can be possible under the provisions of the Companies Act, 1956. The foreign investors can invest in such Indian company up to 100% of capital depending upon sectoral guidelines prescribed by the Government of India. Under Second Option, a foreign company are allowed to operate in India, subject to conditions and activities permitted under the Foreign Exchange Management (Establishment in India of Branch Office of other place of business) Regulations, 2000, through setting up either of the followings: Liaison Office/Representative Office; Project Office; or Branch Office.While making entry into any nation, innumerable clearances are to be obtained at the state and district levels. Also, a number of practical hurdles, such as infrastructure bottlenecks have to be overcome. Also, the exit is difficult, in the sense that, archaic labour laws, such as the Industrial Disputes Act, prohibit the closure of any company. ADVANTAGES OF FDI Below mentioned are some of the advantages of FDI. They are very similar to that of foreign capital. 1. Growth and employment 2. Technology and know how 3. Access to goods and services 4. Fill the savings gap DISADVANTAGES OF FDI . Political lobbying – In the past, there have been many instances in which MNCs have resorted to political lobbying in order to get certain policies and laws implemented in their favor. 2. Exploitation of resources – Exploitation of natural resources of a host country is not a very uncommon phenomenon in the case of FDI. MNCs of other countries have been know n to indiscriminately exploit the resources of host countries in order to get short run gains and profits and have even chosen to ignore the sustainability factors associated with the local communities and local habitat. . Threaten small scale industries – MNCs have large economic and pricing power due to their large sizes. They do not have much problem with regards to financial capital and can hence resort to using advertising which is a costly affair. Also, these companies are global players who have their operations spread across countries and have effective supply chains which enable them to have economies of scale which smaller players in the domestic market of the host country cannot compete with.All this results in the MNC having cheaper products and more visibility due to the higher amounts of advertising and have been known to push out smaller industries out of business. 4. Technology – Although, the MNCs have access to new and cutting edge technology, they do not transfer the latest technology to the host country with a fear that their home country may loose its competitive advantage. 2. Foreign Portfolio Investment (FPI) FPI is buying and selling of shares, convertible debentures of Indian companies and units of domestic mutual funds at any of the Indian stock exchanges.FPI are done by foreign investors in shares, bonds and equity market. It brings foreign exchange to the country but it has its own problems as it brings volatile money to the country. Foreign Institutional Investors (FIIs) can make portfolio investments. FIIs are allowed to invest in the primary and secondary capital markets in India under the Portfolio Investment Scheme 3. Foreign Institutional Investment (FII) FII is defined as an institution established or incorporated outside India for making investment in Indian securities.They may invest in securities traded in both the primary and secondary markets. These securities include shares, debentures, and units of mutual funds Foreign Institutional Investments are the investments by foreign financial institutes like banks, insurance companies, pension funds, mutual funds etc. These are mostly in Govt. securities which are quite secure. The entry and exit are very simple through FII’s. FIIs must register themselves with the Securities and Exchange Board of India (SEBI) and comply with the exchange control regulations of RBI. 4. External Commercial Borrowings (ECB)ECB refer to commercial loans (in the form of bank loans, buyers’ credit, suppliers’ credit, securitised instruments) availed from non-resident lenders with minimum average maturity of 3 years. ECB for investment in real sector – industrial sector, especially infrastructure sector-in India, are under Automatic Route. ECB in the following requires approval of the government : a. Activities/items that require an Industrial Licence b. Proposals in which the foreign collaborator has an existing venture/tie up in Indi a c. Proposals for acquisition of shares in an existing Indian company in some cases. . Depository Receipts (ADR/GDR) ADR is adopted by many large and well respected companies from India to raise funds from American Markets. If any Indian Company has issued ADRs in the American market wishes to further extend it to other developed and advanced countries such as Europe, then they can sell these ADRs to the public of Europe and the same would be named as GDR. ADRs and GDRs are not for investors in India – they can invest directly in the shares of various Indian companies. They are an excellent means of investment for NRIs and foreign nationals wanting to invest in India.By buying these, they can invest directly in Indian companies without going through the hassle of understanding the rules and working of the Indian financial market – since ADRs and GDRs are traded like any other stock. NRIs and foreigners can buy these using their regular equity trading accounts.  Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€- ROUTES OF ENTRY There are majorly two routes for entry in India – 1. Automatic Route : The route wherein no government approval is required for the investors. As a reference, FDI up to 100% is allowed in all activities/sectors. 2.Approval Route : The route wherein Government approval is required. This is done by either RBI or FIPB. Apart, from two major classifications. There can also be other classification also as shown below – 1. As a foreign company through a Liaison Office/ Representative Office, Project Office or a Branch Office. 2. As an Indian company through a Joint Venture or a Wholly Owned Subsidiary. LIAISON OFFICE / REPRESENTATIVE OFFICE Foreign corporations/entities are permitted to open liaison offices/representative offices in India for undertaking liaison activities on their behalf. Approval from RBI is needed.No fees, commission o r remuneration can be charged by the Indian liaison office. Liaison office cannot directly or indirectly undertake any trading, commercial or manufacturing activity and therefore, cannot earn any income in India. Its role is limited – 1. to representing the parent company/group companies in India 2. promoting export/import from/to India 3. promoting collaborations between parent company and companies in India 4. collecting information about possible market opportunities and providing information about the company and its products to prospective Indian customers.PROJECT OFFICE A foreign corporation, which has secured a contract from an Indian company to execute a project in India, is allowed to establish a project office in India without obtaining prior permission from RBI. Such offices cannot undertake or carry on any activity other than the activity relating to the execution of the project. The foreign corporation which sets up such a project office is required to furnish a prescribed report to the concerned regional office of RBI under whose jurisdiction the project office is set up.BRANCH OFFICE Foreign corporations/entities engaged in manufacturing and trading activities abroad are allowed to set up branch offices in India. The branch office can carry the same activities as the ones carried on by the foreign corporation overseas except that it cannot carry manufacturing activity on its own (sub-contracting is permitted). It can also stock & sell products in India and is permitted to acquire immovable property necessary or incidental to carrying on activities permitted by RBI. Green field investment:-A form of foreign direct investment where a parent company starts a new venture in a foreign country by constructing new operational facilities from the ground up. It occurs when multinational corporations enter into devolping countries to build new factories. Advantages:- Firm can build the subsidiary it wants. Relatively easily to establish operating r outines. New jobs are created in the local market. Disadvantages:- Faces competition before it is set up Time consuming research has to be carried out before hand. Emerging markets might be unstable, hence leading to extra costs & time consumption. Lengthy process from scratchBrown field investment:- The purchasing of an existing production or business facility by companies or governmental agencies for the purpose of starting new product or service production activity. This type of investment does not involved the new construction of plant operation facility. It is also called merger and acquisition. Advantages:- Less time consuming & quick to execute. Less risky as compared to greenfield. Immediate grab of market share. Reduce competition by taking over rival. The investor can bank on the existing goodwill of the acquired business. Disadvantages:- Not always successful.Cultural clash reducing effectiveness. Some workers are laid off, this affects motivational levels of present work ers JOINT VENTURE The cooperation of two or more individuals or businesses in which each agrees to share profit, loss and control in a specific enterprise. A Joint venture is a business agreement in which parties agree to develop, a new entity and new assets by contributing equity. The cooperation of two or more individuals or businesses in which each agrees to share profit, loss and control in a specific enterprise. Forming a joint venture is a good way for companies to partner without having to merge.JV’S are typically taxed as a partnership. Advantages:- Help the company to grow in those areas where the company does not have any expertise and would have failed if it was not for joint venture. Joint venture can help the company in reducing the risks which are associated with starting a new business. It results in better utilization of the resources which company has at its disposal. Disadvantages:- It does not give the management of the company control because the decisions are taken by both the companies and therefore it can create problems if both companies do not agree on some issues.It is difficult to integrate resources of companies entering into joint ventures WHOLLY – OWNED SUBSIDIARY A Foreign corporation can set up its subsidiary company either in the form of a private limited company or as a public limited company in India. A company in India is required to be incorporated under The Companies Act, 1956. In comparison with the branch office and liaison office, a subsidiary company provides maximum flexibility for conducting business in India. It can also undertake manufacturing activities in India